Idealized evolution of vortex lines inferred from a sample of
VORTEX supercells surveyed by Markowski et al. (2008), superimposed on a
photograph of a supercell thunderstorm (courtesy of Jim Marquis; view is
from the south). The numerals 1-4 can indicate either a single vortex
line seen at four
different times in a sequence, or four different vortex lines at a single
time but in different stages of evolution. An environmental vortex line
also is shown to illustrate, schematically, the relationship between the
midlevel and low-level mesocyclone. None of the vortex lines have been
derived from an actual three-dimensional wind synthesis of the storm
appearing in the photograph; the vortex lines simply have been drawn atop
a photo of a supercell thunderstorm (one that could easily represent a
number of generic supercell thunderstorms) by compositing vortex lines
computed from actual three-dimensional wind syntheses in the sample of
VORTEX supercells.